What is Punctuation? What are the common punctuations in english?

Punctuation:

         It marks are indications that help use to navigate the written words. They are used to alert us about transitions, pauses and stops. They help us to follow the thoughts sentences and paragraphs, and make our communication effective. There are some common punctuation in English: 

1) Apostrophe:

   i) In possessives of nouns: Anita's table. The employees' quarters.
   ii) In contractions: won't, can't
   iii) In plurals: the 90s ( not the 1990's)

2)Commas: 

  i) Adjacent to quotation marks: She said,''I bought a car."I am not worried, "he said," I am late for work."

ii) To set apart appositives: Pokhara, a city district, is a tourist heaven.
iii) In a list, except the last item: Basanti, Anita, and Kamala ate the lunch.
iv) After introductory words or pharses: First of all, Let me tell you about my visit.
v) In dates: He arrived on June 2, 2020.
vi) Between geographical places: Anita is from Surkhet, Birendranagar.
vii) After salutations or closings in letters: Dear miss,/ Sincerely,
viii) After proper nouns in imperative sentences: Anita, tell me about your interests.
ix) Before conjunctions in independent clauses: He bought an IPhone 11  Pro, and He bought a Acer Laptop.

3) Exclamation marks:

  i) For surprise, excitement, or strong emotions: That was an amazing feat!

4) Question Mark:

i) To ask a question: What are you dong?
                                  How are you?
ii) To reconfirm something: So, you are going?
                                            So, you are coming?

5) Quotation marks:

  i) Before and after the quoted material: Rupesh said, " I enjoy browsing Facebook."
  ii) Before and after book chapters, document titles, magazine articles, poems, short story titles, songs etc.: I have read the poem" Ghumne Mechmathi Andho Manche" by Bhupi Sherchan.
    She likes to listine to'' Common" by Zayn Malik.

6) Colons:

i) With Lists: The following: Cars, Jeep, and Bikes.
ii) In ratios, number relationships: 5:1, 10:30 a.m.

7) Semicolons:

i) To connect independent clauses: Anita kc entered the office; Hellu Kc followed her.

8) Underlining: Avoid an underline in print because it clutters the page. When you have to, use it to underline titles or longer works, such as albums, books, documentaries, movies, and television series.

9) Dash:

i) Em Dash ( the longer one): To separate a phrase, an interpolation, or a series of examples within a text: All the people in the room- Dibya, Nisha, Hellu and Sabita- are ready for the videoconference.
ii) En Dash( the shorter one, half the width of any em dash):
 - To indicate ranges: See pages 56-76
- To indicate negative numbers.-6

10) Ellipses: 

i) To indicate a quote from a part of a continuing text( avoid if you cash): The study suggests"... spending more on advertisement does not necessarily increase sales. In fact, it may put off customers and affect sales negatively...."
ii) To indicate a pause( in creative writing): Now there is peace... and there is light... Soon the night falls again...

11) Hyphens:

i) In two-word adjectives before a noun: A one- way ticket, red- faced girl, a well-known player.
ii) With compound numbers: ninety-one, thirty-seven
iii) With the prefixes: ll-powerful, ex-king
iv) With the suffixes: god-like, president-elect
v) Between a prefix and a capitalized word: mid- June,mid-2000s etc..